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Fundamentals in the stock market refer to the underlying financial and qualitative factors that determine the value and performance of a company's stock.
Market Cap:
Market capitalization (market cap) is a financial metric used to gauge the value of a publicly traded company in the stock market. It represents the total worth of a company's outstanding shares. Calculated by multiplying the current market price per share by the total number of outstanding shares, market cap reflects the company's size and significance in the market.
PB Ratio:
The Price-to-Book (P/B) ratio is a financial metric used to evaluate a company's stock price relative to its book value per share (BVPS). It is calculated by dividing the market price per share by the book value per share. The book value per share is determined by subtracting a company's total liabilities from its total assets and dividing the result by the total number of outstanding shares.
ROE:
Return on Equity (ROE) is a fundamental financial ratio used in the stock market to assess a company's profitability and efficiency in generating profits from shareholders' equity. It measures the amount of net income a company generates as a percentage of its shareholders' equity. ROE is calculated by dividing a company's net income by its average shareholders' equity during a specific period, usually a year. ROE is a crucial metric for investors as it indicates how effectively a company is utilizing shareholders' equity to generate profits. A higher ROE typically suggests that the company is more efficient in utilizing its equity capital to generate returns for shareholders.
EPS (TTM):
EPS (TTM) stands for Earnings Per Share (Trailing Twelve Months) in the stock market. It is a financial metric that measures a company's profitability by dividing its total earnings over the past twelve months by the total number of outstanding shares. The EPS (TTM) figure provides investors with insight into a company's profitability on a per-share basis over a specific period, which allows for better comparison across different companies and industries. It is often considered a key indicator of a company's financial health and performance. EPS (TTM) is calculated by taking the sum of a company's net income from continuing operations over the past four quarters and dividing it by the weighted average number of outstanding shares during the same period. Investors use EPS (TTM) to assess a company's ability to generate profits and to determine the potential return on investment from holding its stock. Higher EPS (TTM) values generally indicate stronger profitability, while declining or negative EPS (TTM) may signal financial challenges or declining performance.
P/E Ratio (TTM):
The P/E Ratio (TTM) in the stock market stands for Price-to-Earnings Ratio (Trailing Twelve Months). It is a fundamental financial metric used by investors to evaluate the valuation of a company's stock relative to its earnings per share (EPS) over the past twelve months. To calculate the P/E Ratio (TTM), you divide the current market price per share of a company's stock by its earnings per share over the trailing twelve months. The ratio indicates how much investors are willing to pay for each rupee of the company's earnings. A high P/E Ratio suggests that investors are willing to pay more for each rupee of earnings, possibly indicating high growth expectations or optimism about the company's future prospects. Conversely, a low P/E Ratio may suggest undervaluation or concerns about the company's growth potential.
Debt to Equity Ratio:
The Debt to Equity (D/E) ratio is a financial metric used to evaluate a company's financial leverage by comparing its total debt to its total shareholders' equity. It reflects the proportion of a company's funding that comes from debt compared to equity. To calculate the D/E ratio, divide the total debt by the total equity. Debt includes all liabilities such as loans, bonds, and other forms of debt financing, while equity represents the shareholders' ownership in the company. A high D/E ratio indicates that a company relies more on debt financing, which can amplify returns but also increases financial risk due to interest payments and debt obligations. Conversely, a low D/E ratio suggests a conservative financial structure with less reliance on debt financing.
Dividend Yield:
Dividend yield is a financial metric used to measure the return on investment from owning a particular stock, specifically in terms of the dividends paid out to shareholders. It represents the percentage of the current market price of a share that a company pays out annually in dividends. To calculate dividend yield, divide the annual dividend per share by the current market price per share, and then multiply the result by 100 to convert it to a percentage. For instance, if a company pays ₹ 2 in dividends per share annually and its stock is trading at ₹50 per share, the dividend yield would be 4% (₹2/₹50 * 100)
Book Value:
Book value, in the context of the stock market, refers to the net asset value of a company's equity as recorded on its balance sheet. It represents the value of a company's assets minus its liabilities and intangible assets, such as goodwill. To calculate book value per share, you divide the total book value of equity by the total number of outstanding shares. This figure provides investors with insight into the financial health and the underlying asset value of a company. Book value serves as a fundamental measure of a company's intrinsic worth. It is particularly useful for investors who adopt a value investing approach, as it helps determine whether a stock is undervalued, overvalued, or fairly priced relative to its book value per share.
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